World Development Report 2023
Recently, World Bank released the World Development Report 2023: Migrants, Refugees, and Societies.
In this report, migrants have been classified into the following four categories-
- Refugees with skills that are in high demand,
- Economic migrants with skills in demand,
- Distressed migrants and
Key findings of report –
- Around 184 million people around the world do not have the citizenship of the country where they live. These include 37 million refugees.
- The income of Indians working abroad has seen an increase of 120%. In comparison, the income of inbound Indians registered only a 40% increase.
- Low-skilled Indian expatriates who have moved to the United States have seen a significant increase in their incomes of nearly 500%.
- India counts the United States, India-Bangladesh and the India-Gulf Cooperation Council among the top migrant corridors.
Recommendations of the report
- A ‘match and motive’ framework should be adopted. This framework will be based on how well the skills of the migrants match with the needs of their destination countries. Also, it will also be based on what are the motivating factors for their migration.
- Origin countries should also integrate labor migration into their development strategy.
- Destination countries should use a robust “match migration system” to meet their labor needs. Also, the assimilation of migrants should be facilitated.
Migration
Migrants are those who move from the country of their habitual residence to another country and are not citizens of the country in which they reside.
Importance of Migration:
- Meet labor requirements,
- The income of migrants increases and the standard of living improves,
- Remittance is received and knowledge is transferred etc.
Challenges of Migration:
- Drain of talent,
- Difficulties in socio-economic inclusion,
- Migrants get less rights etc.
Source – Down to Earth
