Human Development Report 2021-22
Recently the Human Development Report 2021-22 has been released by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
According to the Human Development Report 2021-22, India’s rank in the Human Development Index (HDI) has come down from 130 in 2020 to 132 in 2022, in line with the global decline in HDI scores in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Human Development Report:
- Human Development Reports (HDRs) are issued from the year 1990 which have explored various topics through Human Development Approach.
- This Human Development Report is published by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
- Goal: Its goal is to contribute to the expansion of opportunities, options and freedoms.
- Theme: The theme of the Human Development Report, 2021-22 is “Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a World in Transformation”.
Calculation of Human Development Index-
The HDI is a composite index that measures average achievement in human development taking into account four indicators:
- life expectancy at birth (Sustainable Development Goal 3),
- expected years of schooling (Sustainable Development Goal 3),
- average years of schooling (Sustainable Development Goal 4),
- Gross National Income (GNI) (Sustainable Development Goal 5).
Global scenario in the report –
- 90% of countries have reported a reduction in their Human Development Index value in 2020 or 2021, reversing progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
- Decline in life expectancy: A major contributor to the decline of the Human Development Index is the global decline in life expectancy, which has declined from 8 years in 2019 to 71.4 years in 2021.
Indian scenario:
India’s HDI value in 2021 was 0.633, lower than the world average of 0.732. In the year 2020 also, India registered a decline in its HDI value (0.642) as compared to the pre-COVID level of the year 2019 (0.645).
- Life Expectancy: India’s life expectancy at birth in the year 2021 was recorded as 67.2 years.
- Schooling: expected years of schooling 11.9 years; Average years of schooling 6.7 years.
- Gross National Income: The Gross National Income per capita was US$ 6,590.
- Gender Inequality Index: India ranks 122nd in the Gender Inequality Index.
Source – The Hindu
